A new lab study suggests that a protein found in human hair may someday help repair weakened tooth enamel. Researchers tested keratin — a structural protein found in hair, skin and nails — and found that it could form a crystal-like coating on damaged enamel when exposed to minerals in saliva. In early models, this coating protected the tooth surface, slowed erosion and even restored some strength and appearance.
To create the material, scientists extracted keratin from discarded wool and applied it to damaged enamel samples. Once on the surface, the keratin attracted calcium and phosphate and hardened into a dense layer that looked similar to natural enamel. Unlike fluoride, which can only slow decay, this keratin-based coating seemed to stop enamel breakdown in testing and reduce sensitivity by sealing vulnerable areas.
Experts stress that the approach is still experimental. The regenerated layer was thin, and researchers don’t yet know how long it might last in real-world use. More work is needed to make the process durable, safe and practical. Still, if future studies confirm these early results, keratin could lead to new, more sustainable options for repairing and protecting tooth enamel.
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