Endometriosis may not just be bad luck. Research suggests the condition can run in families, with first-degree relatives of someone with endometriosis facing a risk that is five to 10 times higher than those without a family history. While that sounds striking, experts say family history increases risk but does not guarantee a diagnosis.
The condition is considered polygenic, meaning it involves many genes rather than a single inherited mutation. More than 30 genetic regions have been linked to endometriosis, many tied to hormone regulation, inflammation and tissue growth.
Twin studies offer more clues: if one identical twin has endometriosis, the other develops it about 20% of the time, compared with about 10% in fraternal twins. Researchers estimate genetics account for roughly half of overall risk, suggesting environment and lifestyle factors also play a major role.
Hormonal patterns, immune function and environmental exposures may all influence who ultimately develops the condition. Early periods, heavy or prolonged menstrual cycles, short cycle length and certain uterine conditions are among the factors associated with higher risk. Still, these findings largely reflect associations, not direct cause and effect. Health experts caution that severe or persistent pelvic pain should not be dismissed as a family trait, especially when symptoms interfere with daily life or fertility.
SOURCE:
Health, February 13, 2026